Zymogens, also known as proenzymes, are inactive enzyme precursors that require an activation step to become active enzymes. This activation step usually involves the proteolytic cleavage of part of the zymogen molecule, which exposes the active site and allows the enzyme to function.
Examples of zymogens include:
Trypsinogen - a zymogen that is produced and stored in the pancreas. It is activated by enteropeptidase, a pancreatic enzyme that is produced in the duodenum. Trypsinogen is converted into trypsin, an enzyme that helps digest proteins.
Prothrombin - a zymogen that is produced by the liver and is involved in the blood clotting process. It is activated by thrombin, an enzyme that is generated during the early phases of clotting.
Pepsinogen - a zymogen that is produced and stored in the stomach. It is activated by the acid environment of the stomach and is converted into pepsin, an enzyme that helps break down proteins in food.
Chymotrypsinogen - a zymogen that is produced in the pancreas and is activated by trypsin. It is converted into chymotrypsin, an enzyme that helps digest proteins.
Overall, zymogens play an important role in regulating enzyme activity and preventing their premature activation in the body.
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